AMC 8 2008 Problem 24

AMC8 2008 年第 24 题

概率★★★★☆
Ten tiles numbered 1 through 10 are turned face down. One tile is turned up at random, and a die is rolled. What is the probability that the product of the numbers on the tile and the die will be a square?
编号为 1 至 10 的十块瓷砖面朝下放置着。随机翻开其中一块瓷砖,然后再掷一枚般子。则瓷砖和骰子上的数的乘积为完全平方数的概率是多少?
  1. A.110\displaystyle \frac{1}{10}
  2. B.16\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}
  3. C.1160\displaystyle \frac{11}{60}
  4. D.15\displaystyle \frac{1}{5}
  5. E.730\displaystyle \frac{7}{30}

正确答案 · Correct Answer

C

解析 · Solution

解法1

常规解法 · 逐瓦片配骰子 对每块瓦片 tt,数出能让 t⋅dt\cdot d 为完全平方的骰子点数 d∈{1,…,6}d\in\{1,\dots,6\}:t=1 有 {1,4}\{1,4\},t=2 有 {2}\{2\},t=3 有 {3}\{3\},t=4 有 {1,4}\{1,4\},t=5 有 {5}\{5\},t=6 有 {6}\{6\},t=7 无,t=8 有 {2}\{2\},t=9 有 {1,4}\{1,4\},t=10 无。合计 2+1+1+2+1+1+0+1+2+0=11 对,总数 60,概率 1160\dfrac{11}{60}。

Solution 1

Elementary · match each tile to a die For each tile tt, count the die values d∈{1,…,6}d\in\{1,\dots,6\} making t⋅dt\cdot d a perfect square: t=1 ⁣:{1,4}t=1\!:\{1,4\}, t=2 ⁣:{2}t=2\!:\{2\}, t=3 ⁣:{3}t=3\!:\{3\}, t=4 ⁣:{1,4}t=4\!:\{1,4\}, t=5 ⁣:{5}t=5\!:\{5\}, t=6 ⁣:{6}t=6\!:\{6\}, t=7: none, t=8 ⁣:{2}t=8\!:\{2\}, t=9 ⁣:{1,4}t=9\!:\{1,4\}, t=10: none. That is 2+1+1+2+1+1+0+1+2+0=11 favorable pairs out of 60, so the probability is 1160\dfrac{11}{60}.

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