AMC 8 2026 Problem 20
AMC8 2026 年第 20 题
递推★★★☆☆
The land of Catania uses gold coins and silver coins. Gold coins are 1 mm thick and silver coins are 3 mm thick. In how many ways can Taylor make a stack of coins that is 8 mm tall using any arrangement of gold and silver coins, assuming order matters?
Catania 国使用金币和银币。金币厚 1 毫米,银币厚 3 毫米。Taylor 想用任意数量和顺序的金币与银币堆叠出一个总高为 8 毫米的硬币堆(顺序不同视为不同方式)。共有多少种堆法?
- A.3
- B.7
- C.10
- D.13
- E.16
正确答案 · Correct Answer
D
解析 · Solution
解法1
金币厚 1 mm,银币厚 3 mm,堆叠总高 8 mm。设金币数 G,银币数 S,G+3S=8。S 只能取 0、1、2(S≥3 则高度超过 8)。
S=0:G=8,8 枚相同金币 → 1 种排列。
S=1:G=5,共 6 枚(5 金+1 银)。银币可放在 6 个位置中任意一个 → 6 种。
S=2:G=2,共 4 枚(2 金+2 银)。4 个位置选 2 个放银币 → C(4,2)=6 种。
总计:1+6+6=13 种。
递推法:设 a_k 表示高度 k mm 的堆叠方案数。
a₁=1(1 金)
a₂=1(2 金)
a₃=2(3 金,或 1 银)
对 k ≥ 4:a_k = a_{k−1} + a_{k−3}(在 k−1 的堆上加 1 枚金币,或在 k−3 的堆上加 1 枚银币)。
a₄=a₃+a₁=2+1=3
a₅=a₄+a₂=3+1=4
a₆=a₅+a₃=4+2=6
a₇=a₆+a₄=6+3=9
a₈=a₇+a₅=9+4=13。
**[进阶] 组合计数法**
问题等价于求 G+3S=8 的非负整数解的排列数( 为金币数, 为银币数)。
枚举非负整数解:;;。 则高度超 8,舍去。
同种硬币不可区分,顺序不同视为不同方式。 枚金币和 枚银币的排列数为 。
- S=0, G=8: 种
- S=1, G=5: 种
- S=2, G=2: 种
总计 1+6+6 = 13 种。
Solution 1
Gold coin = 1 mm, silver coin = 3 mm. We need stacks of height exactly 8 mm. Let G = number of gold, S = number of silver, then G + 3S = 8. Possible S values: 0, 1, or 2 (if S≥3, height > 8).
S=0: G=8. 8 identical gold coins → 1 arrangement.
S=1: G=5. 6 coins total (5 gold + 1 silver). The silver coin can go in any of 6 positions → 6 arrangements.
S=2: G=2. 4 coins total (2 gold + 2 silver). Choose 2 of 4 positions for silver → C(4,2) = 6 arrangements.
Total: 1 + 6 + 6 = 13.
Recursive approach: let a_k = number of stacks of height k mm.
a₁ = 1 (1 gold)
a₂ = 1 (2 gold)
a₃ = 2 (3 gold, or 1 silver)
For k ≥ 4: a_k = a_{k−1} + a_{k−3} (add a gold coin to a k−1 stack, or add a silver coin to a k−3 stack).
a₄ = a₃ + a₁ = 2+1 = 3
a₅ = a₄ + a₂ = 3+1 = 4
a₆ = a₅ + a₃ = 4+2 = 6
a₇ = a₆ + a₄ = 6+3 = 9
a₈ = a₇ + a₅ = 9+4 = 13.
**[Advanced] Combinatorial counting**
The problem reduces to counting arrangements of nonnegative integer solutions to G+3S=8, where is the number of gold coins (1 mm) and the number of silver coins (3 mm).
Enumerate solutions: ; ; . would exceed 8 mm.
Coins of the same type are indistinguishable. Order matters, so gold and silver coins can be arranged in ways.
- S=0, G=8:
- S=1, G=5:
- S=2, G=2:
Total: 1+6+6 = 13.
继续练习