AMC 8 2026 Problem 22

AMC8 2026 年第 22 题

统计与数据图表★★★★☆
The integers from 1 to 25 are arbitrarily separated into five groups of 5 numbers each. The median of each group is identified. Let M equal the median of the five medians. What is the least possible value of M?
将 1 到 25 的整数任意分成五组,每组 5 个数。找出每组的中位数,再求这五个中位数的中位数 M。M 的最小可能值是多少?
  1. A.9
  2. B.10
  3. C.12
  4. D.13
  5. E.14

正确答案 · Correct Answer

A

解析 · Solution

解法1

先把题意理清:把 1∼251\sim 25 这 25 个整数任意分成 5 组、每组 5 个;每组取中位数(5 个数里第 3 小的那个),再取这 5 个中位数的中位数 MM(即第 3 小的那个中位数)。问 MM 最小能多小。
三种解法都指向同一个最小值 M=9:解法1 数下界再构造,解法2 摆成方阵一眼看出下界,解法3 用「隔离大数」的直觉。
解法1(常规解法·数下界+构造) 要让 MM 尽量小,至少得有 3 个组的中位数 ≤M\le M(因为 MM 是 5 个中位数里第 3 小的,排前三的都 ≤M\le M)。 一个组若中位数 ≤M\le M,那么「中位数 + 它下面的 2 个数」这 3 个数都 ≤M\le M。3 个这样的组互不相交,就需要 3×3=9 个不同的数都 ≤M\le M。而 ≤M\le M 的整数只有 1,2,…,M1,2,\dots,M 共 MM 个,所以 M≥9M\ge 9。 下界取得到吗?给一个构造: A:{1,2,3,24,25}\{1,2,3,24,25\} → 中位数 3 B:{4,5,6,22,23}\{4,5,6,22,23\} → 中位数 6 C:{7,8,9,20,21}\{7,8,9,20,21\} → 中位数 9 D:{10,11,12,18,19}\{10,11,12,18,19\} → 中位数 12 E:{13,14,15,16,17}\{13,14,15,16,17\} → 中位数 15 五个中位数 3,6,9,12,15,它们的中位数 M=9。故最小值就是 9。

Solution 1

*(Elementary — a counting bound, then a construction.)* To make MM small, at least 3 of the groups must have median ≤M\le M (since MM is the 3rd smallest of the 5 medians). In any such group, the median together with the two numbers below it — 3 numbers — are all ≤M\le M. Three such disjoint groups need 3×3=9 distinct numbers ≤M\le M. But only 1,2,…,M1,2,\dots,M (that is, MM numbers) are ≤M\le M, so M≥9M\ge 9. Can 9 be reached? Yes: A: {1,2,3,24,25}\{1,2,3,24,25\} → median 3 B: {4,5,6,22,23}\{4,5,6,22,23\} → median 6 C: {7,8,9,20,21}\{7,8,9,20,21\} → median 9 D: {10,11,12,18,19}\{10,11,12,18,19\} → median 12 E: {13,14,15,16,17}\{13,14,15,16,17\} → median 15 The five medians 3,6,9,12,15 have median M=9. So the least possible value is 9.

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