AMC 8 2018 Problem 24

AMC8 2018 年第 24 题

立体几何★★★★☆
In the cube ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH with opposite vertices CC and EE, JJ and II are the midpoints of edges FB‾\overline{FB} and HD‾\overline{HD}, respectively. Let RR be the ratio of the area of the cross-section EJCIEJCI to the area of one of the faces of the cube. What is R2R^2?
在正方体 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 中,顶点 CC 和 EE 相对,点 JJ 和点 II 分别是棱 FB‾\overline{FB} 和 HD‾\overline{HD} 的中点。RR 表示横截面 EJCIEJCI 的面积和正方体的一个面的面积之比,求 R2R^2。
AMC 8 2018 Problem 24 figure
  1. A.54\displaystyle \frac{5}{4}
  2. B.43\displaystyle \frac{4}{3}
  3. C.32\displaystyle \frac{3}{2}
  4. D.2516\displaystyle \frac{25}{16}
  5. E.94\displaystyle \frac{9}{4}

正确答案 · Correct Answer

C

解析 · Solution

解法1

常规解法 · 设边长算对角线 设棱长 ss。EJCIEJCI 是菱形(对称),两对角线 EC=s3EC=s\sqrt3(体对角线)、JI=s2JI=s\sqrt2(面对角线)。菱形面积 =12⋅s3⋅s2=s262\displaystyle =\frac12\cdot s\sqrt3\cdot s\sqrt2=\frac{s^2\sqrt6}{2}。比面 s2s^2 得 R=62\displaystyle R=\frac{\sqrt6}{2},R2=64=32\displaystyle R^2=\frac{6}{4}=\frac32。

Solution 1

Elementary · set the side, compute the diagonals By symmetry EJCIEJCI is a rhombus. Let the cube's edge be ss. By the Pythagorean theorem the diagonals are EC=s3EC=s\sqrt3 (a space diagonal) and JI=s2JI=s\sqrt2 (a face diagonal), so the cross-section area is 12⋅s3⋅s2=s262\displaystyle \frac12\cdot s\sqrt3\cdot s\sqrt2=\frac{s^2\sqrt6}{2}. Dividing by the face area s2s^2 gives R=62\displaystyle R=\frac{\sqrt6}{2}, so R2=64=32\displaystyle R^2=\frac{6}{4}=\frac32.

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